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Variable Back Pressure Exhaust: More supercars now employ variable back-pressure exhaust. It is somewhat like the variable intake manifold, which is located at the exhaust. Normal exhaust pipes for sports cars collect exhaust pulse from individual cylinders and combine them to a larger pulse, with a corresponding lower pressure behind the pulse. This low pressure actually helps drawing more air / fuel mixture into the cylinder from intake manifolds. This is so-called "reverse supercharging".
The reverse supercharging work best at a certain engine rev which is determined by the length of the exhaust pipe. The shorter the pipe, the lower rpm the reverse supercharging works. Of course, for any fixed exhaust pipes, the choose of working rpm is always a compromise.

Variable back-pressure exhaust usually provides 2 different lengths of exhaust pipes. The switching between them is via opening and closing of valves. Therefore it satisfy both the requirements of high speed and low speed output. Moreover, it helps complying EU’s noise regulations, which set upper limits according to speed.

Advantage: Optimize high and low speed output; reduce noise at low speed.

Disadvantage: Nil
Who use it (few examples)?
» Aston Martin Vanquish
» Ferrari 550 Maranello, 360 Modena
» Honda Integra Type R
» Lamborghini Diablo 6.0
» Mitsubishi Lancer Evo VII
» Nissan Sentra SE-R Spec V, Maxima
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